Iyo coronavirus nyowani iri kutyisidzira, asi ichiri kudzivirirwa uye inodzoreka.Kutora matanho ekudzivirira anoshanda, kupfeka masiki, kugeza maoko nguva zhinji, uye kuuraya utachiona nharaunda yaunogara nekugara dzese inzira dzinoshanda.
Coronaviruses ikirasi yeRNA mavhairasi ane hamvuropu.Kana hamvuropu yaparadzwa nemishonga inouraya utachiona, iyo RNA inoshatiswawo zviri nyore, nokudaro ichirega utachiona.Nekuda kwehamvuropu iyi, iyo coronavirus inonzwa nemakemikari ekuuraya utachiona, uye 75% doro, ether, chloroform, formaldehyde, chlorine-ine disinfectants, peracetic acid, uye ultraviolet mwaranzi inogona kumisa hutachiona.Mukuwedzera, imwe tembiricha inogonawo kumisa hutachiona.Iyo coronavirus inogona kurarama kwemazuva mana pa37 ° C.Kupisa pa56°C kwemaminetsi makumi mapfumbamwe uye kudziyisa pa75°C kwemaminetsi makumi matatu kunogona kumisa utachiona.
1. Kazhinji kemikari inouraya utachiona
Zvigadzirwa zvemakemikari zvinogara zvichishandiswa zvinogona kupatsanurwa kuita mhando 8 zvichienderana nezvikamu zvadzo: mishonga inouraya utachiona, chlorine-containing disinfectants, peroxide-based disinfectants, biguanide-based disinfectants uye quaternary ammonium salt-based disinfectants, iodine-containing disinfectants, uye aldehydes. .Disinfectants, phenolic disinfectants, ethylene oxide.
1) Doro rekuuraya utachiona (doro)
Kemikari yakagadzirwa: Ethanol.
Disinfection musimboti: 95% doro rinogona kukurumidza kuomesa puroteni yakafukidzwa pamusoro pebhakitiriya, uye kugadzira firimu rekudzivirira kudzivirira doro kupinda mubhakitiriya, saka haigone kuuraya zvachose mabhakitiriya.Kana doro rakadzika kudarika 70%, kunyange zvazvo rinogona kupinda mumuviri webhakitiriya, haigoni kuunganidza mapuroteni mumuviri wayo, uye haigoni kuuraya zvachose mabhakitiriya.Chete 70% -75% doro rinogona kupinda mubhakitiriya zvakanaka, uye rinogona kunyatsobatanidza mapuroteni ari mubhakitiriya, saka rinogona kuuraya zvachose mabhakitiriya.Naizvozvo, WHO inokurudzira 70% -75% ethanol se sanitizer yemaoko.
Disinfection nzira: soak, pukuta.
Chengetedzo: Doro imvura inobvira uye inoputika.Kana doro riri mumhepo rasvika 19% uye tembiricha yakaenzana kana kupfuura 13°C, inopenya kana yasangana nepfarivari.Rangarira kugara kure nemoto kana uchiishandisa.Nyatsobvisa zvinhu zvakatenderedza zvinopfuta uye zvinopisa usati washandisa, uye usabata kana kuvhara kuvhura mirazvo paunenge uchishandisa.Mushure mekushandisa, chivharo chemudziyo chinofanira kuvharwa, uye chinorambidzwa zvachose kuchisiya chakavhurika.Shandisa maturusi ekuchenesa machira akadai sematauro, geza nemvura yakawanda wapedza kuashandisa, woachengeta panzvimbo isina mhepo, kana kuti woasiya aoma panzvimbo ine mhepo.Kana doro re disinfection richidikanwa kumba, unogona kutenga mabhodhoro madiki edoro (≤500ml) kuti ushandise.Usachengeta doro mumba mako.Chigadziko chedoro chinofanira kuva nechisimbiso chakavimbika, uye chinorambidzwa zvachose kushandisa mudziyo usina chivharo.Chengetedza kure nemoto uye kupisa masosi, tembiricha haifanire kudarika 30 ℃, uye kudzivirira zuva rakananga.
Rumwe ruzivo: Doro harina kukodzera kuuraya utachiona munzvimbo huru uye kupfapfaidza, kupfapfaidza disinfection.
2) Chlorine-ine mishonga inouraya utachiona (84 disinfectant, bleaching powder, chlorine-containing disinfection powder, Jianzhisu effervescent disinfection mapiritsi, nezvimwewo)
Kuumbwa kwemakemikari: sodium hypochlorite, calcium hypochlorite, trisodium chlorinated phosphate, sodium dichloroisocyanurate, trichloroisocyanuric acid, ammonium chloride T, nezvimwewo.
Disinfection musimboti: Huremu hwemamorekuru hwe hypochlorous acid idiki, iri nyore kupararira kumusoro kwebhakitiriya uye kupinda musero membrane mubhakitiriya, kuitira kuti hutachiona hweprotein huve oxidized uye mabhakitiriya anofa.Chlorine-ine mishonga inouraya utachiona hwakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira mabhakitiriya propagules, mavhairasi, fungi, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, uye mabhakitiriya spores anoramba.
Disinfection nzira: kunyura, kumwaya, kumwaya, kupukuta.
Nyaya dzinoda kutariswa: Mishonga ine chlorine ine utachiona inoshatirisa uye inoparadza kusvika kumwero wakati.Vanofanira kuderedzwa vasati vashandiswa (maererano nemirairo).Pfeka magirovhosi paunenge uchishandisa kudzivirira kubata neganda.Chlorine-ine mishonga inouraya utachiona ine bleaching yakasimba uye inoparadza mhedzisiro, inogona kukanganisa simbi, uye kuita bleaching pamachira.Kana ichifanirwa kushandiswa kuuraya hutachiona hwembatya, iyo yekuisa kunofanirwa kuve yakaderera, uye nguva yekunyura haifanirwe kunge yakareba.Chlorine-ine mishonga inouraya utachiona, kana ikashandiswa zvisina kunaka, sekusanganisa nezvinhu zvine acidic, sevhiniga kana chimbuzi chekuchenesa, zvinogona kuburitsa gasi rechlorine zviri nyore uye kukonzera muchetura wechlorine.Chlorine-ine mishonga inouraya utachiona inoora nyore nyore uye inokanganiswa nyore nechiedza, kupisa uye hunyoro, uye inorasikirwa nezvinhu zvayo zvinoshanda.
Rumwe ruzivo: Haikwanise kushandiswa pamwe chete nemishonga yekuuraya utachiona uye yekuchenesa senge zvimbuzi zvekuchenesa, nekuti inoburitsa muchetura chlorine gasi uye kuisa hutano hwevanhu pangozi.Hazvikurudzirwi kushandisa nedoro, kudzivirira ganda, maziso, muromo nemhino, kupfeka masiki, magurovhosi erubha uye apron isina mvura paunenge uchishandisa.Mvura inopisa ichakanganisa maitiro e sterilization.
3) Peroxide disinfectants (hydrogen peroxide, chlorine dioxide effervescent mapiritsi, peracetic acid)
Kuumbwa kwemakemikari: peracetic acid, hydrogen peroxide (hydrogen peroxide), chlorine dioxide uye ozone, nezvimwewo.
Disinfection musimboti: Peroxide-based disinfectants ine yakasimba oxidizing kugona, uye tupukanana dzakasiyana-siyana dzinonzwa zvakanyanya kwavari uye dzinogona kuuraya tupukanana ese.Chlorine dioxide ine adsorption yakasimba uye kugona kupinda kumadziro esero, uye inoburitsa okisijeni yeatomu kuti iite oxidize sulfhydryl-ine enzymes mumaseru kuti itambe bhakitiriya mhedzisiro.
Peracetic asidhi ndeyepamusoro-inoshanda peroxide disinfectant.Iyo gasi uye mhinduro ye peracetic acid ine simba rakasimba re bactericidal, rinogona kuuraya bhakitiriya propagules, mycobacteria, bacterial spores, fungi, algae uye mavhairasi, uye inogonawo kuparadza Bacterial toxin, iyo bactericidal effect yakasimba kudarika yehydrogen peroxide, uye spore yayo. -kuuraya mhedzisiro inokurumidza.
Disinfection nzira: kunyura, kumwaya, kumwaya, kupukuta.
Nyaya dzinoda kutarisirwa: Okisijeni inoburitswa kana tembiricha yakwira, uye kuputika kwakasimba kunoitika kana kuchipisa kusvika 110 °C.Kana huwandu hwe peracetic acid hwakakura kupfuura 45%, pane njodzi yekuputika kunokonzerwa nekubata, kuzunguzika, kupisa kana kuvepo kweaoni esimbi kana kusangana nezvinoderedza..Peracetic acid inogumbura zvakanyanya ganda, maziso uye kumusoro kwekufema turakiti, ine kupisa kweganda uye mucous membranes, uye ine simba rekuora pamicheka yekotoni nesimbi.Peracetic acid haina kugadzikana mukuchengetedza uye haigone kushandiswa kuuraya utachiona pasi.Peracetic acid ine kukuvadza kuri pachena pasi pezvinhu zvakadai semarble uye terrazzo, uye mhinduro yayo yemvura haifaniri kushandiswa kupukuta pasi.Kuwanda kwe chlorine dioxide liquid inoparadza zvakanyanya uye inogumbura.Chenjera kuti usapfapfaize mumaziso neganda paunenge uchiishandisa.Kana ikasaswa netsaona, sukurudza nekukasika nemvura.Nekudaro, nekuda kwesimba rakasimba reoxidizing yeklorini dhaidhiyoni, inofanirwa kudzivirirwa mune yakanyanya kuwanda (> 500ppm).
Rumwe ruzivo: Kuuraya utachiona hwemhepo kune mhedzisiro shoma mukutonga kwezvirwere zvinotapukira zvekufema.Izvo zvine zvazvinoreva muterminal disinfection mushure mekunge nyaya dzakasimbiswa kana dzinofungidzirwa dzatamiswa.Zvinokurudzirwa kuti vashandi vehutano vane hunyanzvi vashandise peracetic acid kana hydrogen peroxide munzvimbo isina munhu.Kurasa kana mobile UV disinfection.
4) Biguanide uye quaternary ammonium munyu disinfectants (chlorhexidine (chlorhexidine), picowashidine)
Kemikari yakagadzirwa: polyhexamethyl biguanide, poly-2-ethoxyethyl guanidine chloride, poly-6 methylene diamine guanidine chloride, chlorhexidine acetate, chlorhexidine hydrochloride, chlorhexidine gluconate.
Disinfection musimboti: Biguanide uye quaternary ammonium salt disinfectants ese ari maviri anogadzirisa cationic.Aya makomisheni anogona kushandura kupenya kwebhakitiriya sero membranes, kuita kuti bhakitiriya cytoplasmic zvinhu zviwedzere, kutadzisa metabolism yavo uye kuita basa rekuuraya.Biguanides ine simba rakasimba rebhaktericidal pane bhakitiriya propagules, asi haigoni kuuraya bhakitiriya spores, mycobacteria uye mavhairasi.Kune ganda uye mucous membrane disinfection, inogona zvakare kushandiswa kwepamusoro disinfection.
Nzira dzekuuraya utachiona: kunyura, kupukuta, kuuraya utachiona nemaoko, kuuraya utachiona hweganda.
Nyaya dzinoda kutariswa: Biguanide uye quaternary ammonium salt disinfectants ndezvamagiredhi asina chepfu, asingakuvadze nharaunda nezvinhu.Asi imhando yekusashanda mushonga wekuuraya utachiona.
Rumwe ruzivo: Biguanide uye quaternary ammonium salt disinfectants inowanzosanganiswa nemamwe majekiseni kuti ivandudze hutachiona hwekuita uye kukurumidza kubereka.Izvo zvakanyungudutswa mu ethanol kuwedzera bactericidal effect.Izvo zvinoshandiswa kune zvisiri zvakakosha zvinhu uye ganda remaoko muzvipatara.disinfected.Asi haiurayi mabhakitiriya spores.
5) Iodine-ine disinfectants (iodine tincture, iodophor)
Disinfection musimboti: Iyo isina kugadzikana yakaoma yeiodine uye surfactant inogona kuburitsa iodine yemahara kana yasangana nemasero uye mabhakitiriya.Iodine yemahara inogona kukurumidza kupinda mukati mesero madziro, ichivimba nekunaya uye halogenation ye elemental iodine, uye Iko kusanganiswa kwehydroxyl, amino, uye hydrocarbon mapoka paprotein amino acids inotungamira kuprotein denaturation, kunaya, uye halogenation, nekudaro kurasikirwa nehupenyu hwekuita.
Nzira dzekuuraya utachiona: kunyura, kupukuta, kuuraya utachiona nemaoko, kuuraya utachiona hweganda.
Nyaya dzinoda kutariswa: Iodine tincture iri nyore mukuita uye iri nyore kugadzira.Yakanga iri mushonga mukuru wekuuraya utachiona mumazuva ekutanga, asi nekuda kwekushatirwa kwayo uye corrosiveness, yakatsiviwa zvishoma nezvishoma neodophor nekugadzikana kwakanaka uye kushoma kushatirwa.
Rumwe ruzivo: Mishonga ine iodine inogona kuuraya mabhakitiriya propagules, fungi uye mamwe mavhairasi, uye anonyanya kushandiswa kuuraya utachiona hweganda uye mucous membrane.Zvipatara zvinowanzo shandiswa kuuraya utachiona hweganda remaoko, asi senge mishonga ine doro, haigone kuuraya.Majemusi kana mabhakitiriya spores.
6) Aldehyde disinfectants (formalin)
Kuumbwa kwemakemikari: formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, phthalaldehyde, nezvimwe.
Disinfection musimboti: Iyi mhando yekuuraya hutachiona ndeye inoshanda alkylating agent, inogona kuuraya hutachiona hwakasiyana, uye inogona kuita pane amino, carboxyl, hydroxyl uye sulfhydryl mapoka mumapathogen mapuroteni, nekudaro ichiparadza mapuroteni mamorekuru uye kukonzera kufa kwavo.
Disinfection nzira: fumigation.
Cherechedza: Nekuda kwekuita kwayo kwecarcinogenic pamuviri wemunhu, zviri nyore kukonzera kufa kweganda epithelial masero uye zvinotungamira mukuoma mitezo uye kufa.Haikwanise kushandiswa kuuraya hutachiona hwemhepo uye tableware.
Rumwe ruzivo: Makambani emishonga anowanzo shandisa formaldehyde fumigation yekuuraya utachiona munzvimbo dzakachena.
7) Phenolic disinfectants (lysol, cresol sipo mhinduro)
Kemikari yakagadzirwa: phenol, methyl phenol, hexachlorophenol, p-chlorometa-xylenol, trichlorodiphenyl ether, nezvimwewo.
Disinfection musimboti: Pakukwirira kwakanyanya, phenols inogona lyse uye kupinda mukati mesero madziro, zvichiita kuti mapuroteni ebhakitiriya aunganidze uye awedzere, nekukurumidza kuuraya maseru;pazvishoma zvishoma, iyo enzyme system yebhakitiriya inogona kusashanda, zvichikonzera kufa kwesero.
Nzira dzekuuraya utachiona: kunyura, kupukuta, kuuraya utachiona nemaoko, kuuraya utachiona hweganda.
Nyaya dzinoda kutariswa: Haikwanise kushandiswa kuuraya utachiona hwemhepo, midziyo yepatafura, nezvimwewo. Inowanzo shandiswa chete kuuraya utachiona kana kuuraya utachiona mumidziyo yekurapa muzvipatara, uye zvinhu zvinenge zvacheneswa kana zvipembenene zvinofanirwa kusukwa nemvura ine utachiona mushure mekunge mushonga wasara wacheneswa. .use.
Rumwe ruzivo: Phenolic disinfectants iasidhi makomisheni, ayo asina kusimba acidic.Vanowanzo kuve nekunhuhwirira kwakakosha uye vanoiswa oxidized zviri nyore munzvimbo.Naizvozvo, kungwarira kunofanirwa kutorwa kuti usasangana nealkaline zvinhu panguva yekushandiswa.
8) Ethylene oxide
Kemikari yakagadzirwa: Ethylene oxide.
Disinfection musimboti: Mushonga wekuuraya utachiona unoshanda zvakanyanya, hauparadze simbi, hauna hwema unosara, uye unogona kuuraya utachiona (uye endospores), mold nefungi.Iine simba rekupinda mukati, uye inowanzo shandiswa kuuraya utachiona kana kuuraya utachiona mushure mekurongedzerwa nematehwe, mapurasitiki, michina yekurapa, uye zvekurapa, uye haikuvadzi zvinhu zvakawanda.
Disinfection musimboti: fumigation.
Chengetedzo: Ethylene oxide ine chepfu, carcinogenic, inogumbura uye inonzwa, uye ikemikari inopfuta uye inoputika, saka haiwanzoshandiswa mukuuraya utachiona hwezuva nezuva.Muchiitiko chekusangana netsaona nemuviri wemunhu, inofanirwa kugadziriswa nekukurumidza.
Ruzivo Rwokuwedzera: Haikodzere kuuraya utachiona hwemumba.
Nguva yekutumira: Jan-22-2022